★保存版！IELTS 2018/1/6、13、20、2/3、2/10、2/24受検の皆さん、Writingの対策ちゃんとしてますか？
皆さん、こんにちは！
クリスマスはいかがお過ごしでしょうか？
留学予備軍の皆さんは恋人がいようがいなかろうが、
そんなの関係ねぇー！（古）
IELTSのスコアは早いうちに取っとくに越したことはありません。
2018年留学を目指していて、今時点でまだIELTSの点数が取れていなく出願できていない方、Conditional Offer狙いでIETLSの点数が基準に満たさないまま既に出願した方...
WritingやSpeakingがネックとなっているのなら、
ちゃんと対策しなきゃ、ダメですよーーーーーーーーー！！！！
分かってるわい！！（°Д°）という声が聞こえてきますが、
本当に「ちゃんと」対策していますか？
何回目か忘れましたが、はっきり言います。
ただ過去問のテーマに沿って、「いつも通り」につらつら書くだけじゃ
時間の無駄です！！
ちゃんと対策をしましょう。
まずは、ライティングの４パターンを把握していない人、パターン別に書き方があるって知らない人、過去記事を読んでください↓↓↓
こちらにWriting sectionで7.0を取るために使うべき単語の組合せや品詞、文の構造が書かれております。
studyabroadinuk.hatenablog.com
さて、今日はWritingの各段落の『イントロ』のバリエーションをご紹介します。
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
一段落目は、試験官があなたのライティングスキルのレベルを判断する”第一印象”になります。
この”第一印象”を基に、ライティングのスコアがつけられるので、必ずベストな言葉で展開させましょう。
★How To Write？
・テーマに関係ある文で普遍的に世の中で受け入れられている観点からはじめる
・テーマ（問題）中で使われている語句は使わない
・少なくとも、同義語や異なる文法構造を使い、元々のテーマを書き換える
Example:
Mobile phone and the Internet are two great innovation of science for communication and had been facilitating people for a long time. These two technologies are widely used in almost all the countries of the world and had become a part of our daily lives. We can't deny the usefulness of these technologies as they had made our life easier than it was ever before. In my opinion, the advantages of these two devices far outweigh the demerits they have.
①Useful vocabulary/phrases to open/start the essay:
文章始めに使えるお決まり高得点構文と単語
Many/some people claim/opine/believe that...
There is no denying that...
It is often said that...
These days.../ Nowadays.../ In this day and age...
It goes without saying that...
It is universally accepted that...
We live in an age when many of us are...
People are divided in their opinion regarding...
.... is one of the most important issues...
Whether.... or.... is a controversial issue...
②Useful vocabulary/phrases to end the Introduction part:
最初の段落の終わらせ方
Let us examine both views before reaching a concrete decision.
The following paragraphs discuss whether.... or ....and reach a reasonable conclusion.
The following essay takes a look at both sides of the argument.
My two cents go for...
However, I strongly believe that...
I oppose the view and my reasons will be explained in the following paragraphs.
I will support this view with arguments in the following paragraphs.
I personally believe that...
Thus the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages...
I wholeheartedly believe that this trend should be changed.
③Vocabulary for the opinion part:
※まず、ライティングのパターンを見極めることが必要です。もし観点を問われているものではなく、物事を比較して優劣を決めるものであれば下記の自分の意見を強く表す語句は使わない方が良いでしょう。
In my opinion...
I strongly opine that...
I strongly agree with the idea that...
I strongly disagree with the given topic...
I think...
My opinion is that...
Personally speaking...
In my view...
I believe...
Apparently...
Personally speaking...
According to me...
From my point of view... (Not 'In my point of view')
As far as I am concerned...
From my perspective...
I realise...
To my way of thinking...
It seems to me that...
To me...
To my mind...
My own view on the matter is...
It appears that...
I feel that...
I understand...
I suppose...
Examples:
But in my opinion, giving access to a mobile phone & the internet to each and every unemployed person is a matter of great dispute. I believe, this idea can help the countries who have sufficient funds for the whole fiscal year and already adopted technologies like the internet for a very long period. But this might turn out a complete loss for an undeveloped country.
消化不良になるかもしれませんが、
まだまだいきますよー！
（メインパラグラフの1段落目）
It is true that...
First...
First of all...
Firstly...
First and foremost...
Initially...
To begin with...
To start with...
Let us take a look at...
It is worth considering...
In the first place...
Though it is true that...
Some people believe that...
Many people think that...
According to many...
Some people believe that...
Many support the view that...
On the one hand...
Example:
It is true that an unemployed educated person with a mobile phone and the internet connection can get more access to the local and foreign job sectors and can use these technologies to get a job or become self-employed.
Second(ly)... (Not 'Second of all')
Third(ly)...
Then...
Next...
After that...
And...
Again...
Also...
Besides...
Likewise...
In addition...
Consequently...
What’s more...
Furthermore...
Moreover...
Other people think that...
Other people believe that...
On the other hand...
Apart from that...
Finally...
Last but not the least...
Examples:
Besides, unemployed persons living in urban areas can easily get the information related to the job-offering companies with these technologies... Furthermore, the use of these technologies give them advantages than others...
①Vocabulary to show the comparison:
比較をいう時に使える語句
In the same way...
Likewise...
Similarly...
Like the previous point...
Similar to...
Also...
At the same time...
Just as...
Example:
Similarly, all the companies and offices are becoming automated and using computers, the internet and other technologies vastly than any other time in history.......
②Vocabulary to show contrast:
対比をあらわす際に使える語句
On the other hand...
On the contrary...
However...
Nevertheless.../ Nonetheless...
But...
Nonetheless/ Nevertheless...
Oppositely...
Alternatively...
Unlike...
While...
Whilst...
Although...
Though...
Even though...
Despite... / In spite of...
In spite of the fact that...
Alternatively...
In contrast to this...
Then again...
On the other hand...
Despite the fact that...
Even so...
Yet...
Meanwhile...
Examples:
On the contrary, poor countries suffer from the lack of sufficient budgets to ensure some very basic needs of people like health, education, medicines etc. Then again, those countries don't have a chance to spend a lot of money to initiate a superficial project.....
③Vocabulary to show an example:
例を示す際の語句
As an example...
For instance...
For example...
As...
Among others...
Such as...
Particularly...
Regarding...
In particular...
Namely...
With respect to...
As far .... is concerned...
To show an example...
To give an example...
To cite an example...
As an evidence...
To illustrate...
To paraphrase...
An example is...
...could be a good/ideal example here
A case...
When it comes to...
Examples:
For instance, there is no guaranty that all unemployed person will use the technology positively........
For example, if a public bus gets busted in the middle of a road, the passenger can easily leave it a look for another one.
④ Vocabulary to present an idea:
観点をあらわすための語句
Research shows that...
Research has found that...
When it comes to...
With respect to...
Not only... but also...
In terms of...
Examples:
Research shows that employment opportunity and crime ratio in a city has a deep underlying relationship and that is why...
⑤Phrases to introduce more ideas/ examples:
更に多くの観点や例を導出するための語句
Furthermore...
In addition...
On top of that...
Besides...
What is more...
Another point worth noting is...
Another factor to consider is...
Furthermore...
Not only .... but also...
Also...
Examples:
Furthermore, rich countries emit more CO2 than rest of the world does and this is why they have greater responsibilities.
⑥Vocabulary to show consequence, effects or reason:
結果や影響、原因をあらわす語句
As a result...
As a result of...
Consequently...
As a consequent...
As an effect...
Thus...
So...
Therefore...
... has led to/ ... has resulted in...
Hence...
Thereby...
Eventually...
原因：
The reason why...
On account of...
Because of...
For this/that reason...
One reason behind this is...
Due to...
Owing to...
Examples:
-
Consequently, local residents will be able to find more job opportunities in this factory and have a better socio-economic status....
-
The overuse of natural resources has already resulted in the scarcity of such valuable resources that we can not do without...
⑦Vocabulary to sum up at the end of a paragraph:
段落終わりに使える語句
To sum up...
In short...
In a word...
To put it simply...
That is to say...
To repeat in short....
To summarise...
Example:
In a word, I think, the idea can be very useful for the developing countries but for us, it might be sinister...
⑧Vocabulary to make a point stronger/ Adding emphasis
観点を強調する時
It goes without saying that...
Obviously...
Needless to say...
There is little doubt that...
Although...
Though...
Nonetheless...
Nevertheless...
Still...
Yet...
Must.... After
After all...
Even if...
Therefore...
Thus.....
Example:
Although, Parents are important teachers in our lives and none can deny their invaluable role to make us what we are, they aren't always the best teachers....
⑨ Vocabulary for clarifying or rephrasing:
観点を明確に・言い換える時の語句
To put it simply...
To put in another way...
That is to say...
In other words...
Example:
To put in another way, nuclear power has a great potential to provide power requirement of the industries all around the world.
⑩Some correct and incorrect expressions:
間違えやすい使い方
In conclusion...
In summary...
To conclude...
To conclude with...
To sum up...
In general...
To summarise...
In short...
All in all...
Overall...
On the whole...
To draw the conclusion...
To elucidate...('To elucidate' means - 'make something clear' or 'to explain'.)
All things considered...
By and large...
Taking everything into consideration...
Taking everything into account...
Weighing up both sides of the argument...
Examples:
In general, even though it is preferable to study English in an English-speaking country, a reasonable level of English can be achieved in one's own country, if a student is gifted and dedicated to studying.
Writingセクションで7.0以上を目指す準備として、
・どのパターンの作文か？
・何パラグラフで構成させるべきか？
・それぞれのパラグラフをどのように展開するか？
・パラグラフ間のつなぎをどうするか？
は最低限考えておきましょう！
次回は間違えやすい似たような品詞の違いについて例文と共にご紹介します。
乞うご期待を！
